First democratic election

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First democratic election

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African Poster Collection

Collection of Nelson Mandela posters, most of which were produced by international anti-apartheid organisations. The posters cover campaigns for the release of Nelson Mandela and all South African political prisoners, Nelson Mandela birthday tributes, as well as profiles of the Rivonia Trialists. The collection also includes ANC election campaign posters.

African National Congress Video Unit

African National Congress
Footage on Nelson Mandela, s travels throughout the world after his release from prison -dates from 1990- 1997.

African National Congress (ANC) Video Unit

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) CREST

Congressional record house CREST General CIA records on Nelson Mandela : What if alive in free Some Sections Omitted
South Africa politics of racial reform.
South Africa: Dynamics of black politics
African National Congress of South Africa Organisation, Communist, Ties and short term prospects
Prospects for South Africa; Stability reform and violence
South Africa profile of an angry black ( Sections Omitted)
Prospects for South Africa stability reform and violence
Africa review
Terrorism review
Africa review
South Africa: The Boipatong massacre and the reigning of the security forces
South Africa weathering the storm
National daily intelligence
South Africa: Inkatha scandal may accelerate police restructuring
South Africa's brokers ballots and bullets
South Africa chronology
Africa review: special issue: South Africa entering the 1990's

Central Intelligence Agency

NIZA Photograph Collection

An album of photographs of Nelson Mandela, including:
Portrait photographs of Nelson Mandela, many of which were taken by Eli Weinberg. There are photographs with Kaiser Matanzima, and of Nelson Mandela together with his son, Thembekile, as well as Nelson and Winnie Mandela on their wedding day. Includes photographs of Nelson Mandela wearing traditional beads, Mandela in boxing gear, at his law office, burning his pass, and in disguise while in hiding from the police as the "Black Pimpernel." (1950s - 1960s). Nelson Mandela after his acquittal at the treason trial, with Essop Pahad in the background. Nelson Mandela addressing the All-in-Africa Conference in Pietermaritzburg in 1961. Photographs are by Joe Gqabi. Photographs of Nelson Mandela with military officers in Algiers, and with Oliver Tambo in Addis Ababa, during his secret Africa trip in 1962. Nelson Mandela in Parliament Square, London, 1962. Photographs by Mary Benson. Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu on Robben Island in 1966.The concert in celebration of Mandela's 70th birthday. The 1988 artist's impression of Nelson Mandela.
Nelson Mandela's release from prison, including a scene of him addressing a mass gathering in Cape Town on the day of his release from prison. Also featured in these photographs are Winnie Mandela, Walter Sisulu and Cyril Ramaphosa. Photographers include Yunus Mohamed. Post-release portraits, some that originates from the International Defence and Aid Fund. Photographers include Pieter Boersma and Piet den Blanken. Nelson Mandela addressing meetings on his visit to the Netherlands in June 1990. Also featured in these photographs are Winnie Mandela and Thabo Mbeki. Photographers include Jan Stegeman, Pieter Boersma and Kadir van Lohuizen. Nelson Mandela being awarded an honorary doctorate at the University of the Western Cape. Featured in the photographs are Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Professor Jaap Durand and Professor Stanley Ridge. Photographs are by Rashid Lombard. Nelson Mandela alongside a mural in Cape Town. Photograph by the Cape Argus. Nelson Mandela on the platform with Tokyo Sexwale and others at an ANC election mass meeting held at the Kwamazizi Stadium, 12 March 1994. Photographs are by B. Bohler. Photographs of Winnie and Zindzi Mandela, including Winnie in traditional dress, her attendance of political funerals in South Africa in 1985, and Zindzi addressing the crowd at a mass gathering at Jabulani Stadium in 1985. Photographers include Alf Kumalo and Gideon Mendell.

Anti-Apartheid Beweging Nederland

Komitee Zuidelijk Afrika

Correspondence, reports, memoranda, speeches, news clippings, financial reports and other documentation concerning the KZAs support to the ANC's 1994 election campaign. Documentation on, and correspondence with, the ANC president Nelson Mandela.
Subjects covered include:
Nelson Mandela's visit to the Netherlands as part of an ANC fund-raising campaign (1994). Nelson Mandela's address at a forum organised by World Com, the Netherlands (1994). The campaign entitled 'Geef Zuid-Afrika Een Eerlike Kans' which raised more than R5.9 million for the ANC within the first few hours of the campaign (1993 - 1994).The itinerary of Nelson Mandela's visit to the Netherlands on the 17th and 18th February 1994.

Komitee Zuidelijk Afrika

NIZA Memorabilia Collection

Collection of anti-apartheid memorabilia produced by, amongst other organisations, the ANC, International Defence and Aid Fund, Netherlands Institute for Southern Africa and the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Includes t-shirts and wall hangings.

Netherlands Institute for Southern Africa (NIZA)

NIZA Photograph Collection

Photographs of a young ANC supporter wearing a "Welcome Home Nelson Mandela" t-shirt, and of an ANC election billboard with Nelson Mandela's image. Photographers are Joost Hartog and Jan Stegeman.

Netherlands Institute for Southern Africa (NIZA)

NIZA Photograph Collection

Collection of photographs, including the following:
ANC election gathering with Nelson Mandela, held in the Northern Transvaal in 1994. Preparations for an ANC election gathering in the Eastern Transvaal in 1994, with a supporter mounting "Mandela for President" posters. Nelson Mandela flanked by supporters on the day of his inauguration as President of South Africa in May 1994. Placard-carrying supporters of Nelson Mandela and the ANC.
Photographs are by Kadir van Lohuizen.

Netherlands Institute for Southern Africa (NIZA)

National Public Broadcasting Archives

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on National Public Radio. Includes reports on the following:
Nelson Mandela’s release from prison, and his first public speech to a mass gathering on the Grand Parade in Cape Town. Comments by Nelson Mandela and Harold Wolpe on the importance of continued economic sanctions against South Africa. Comments by Randall Robinson of Transafrica who believes that Nelson Mandela’s release should not be seen as the ultimate solution to all of South Africa’s problems. The reaction of the African National Congress (ANC) to Nelson Mandela’s release, and reports on the future of South Africa in light of Nelson Mandela’s release from prison. Report on race relations in South Africa since 1962, in which Nelson Mandela is mentioned. Nelson Mandela’s role in political negotiations and in shaping the new South African government, including reports on various meetings with FW De Klerk. Nelson Mandela’s role in seeking a solution to political violence in South Africa, particularly in the KwaZulu-Natal region. Profiles of Nelson Mandela, including reports about his birthplace in the Transkei. The London rock concert held in honour of Nelson Mandela after his release from prison. Report that the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was instrumental in the arrest of Nelson Mandela in 1962.
Nelson Mandela’s tour of the United States after his release from prison. Speeches delivered at the United Nations. Nelson Mandela’s meetings with Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO) leader, Yasser Arafat, and Libyan leader, Muammar Gadhafi. ANC’s use of armed struggle as a bargaining chip in negotiations. Meetings between President Bush and Nelson Mandela, and Nelson Mandela addresses the US Congress. Nelson Mandela’s views on the Irish Republican Army (IRA). Meetings between President Margaret Thatcher and Nelson Mandela. Political violence in South African townships during the South African transition process. The suspension of armed struggle by the ANC. The first ANC conference held inside South Africa’s borders in thirty years. Nelson Mandela’s election as president of the ANC. The marital separation of Nelson and Winnie Mandela. Re-writing of South Africa’s constitution. The ANC’s suspension of talks with the South African government because of the Boipatong massacre. Comments by Nelson Mandela on the Bisho Massacre. The resumption of talks between the ANC and the South African government on South Africa’s political future. Reaction to the news of Chris Hani’s assassination. The awarding of the Liberty Medal to Nelson Mandela and De Klerk by President Bill Clinton. Nelson Mandela calling for the lifting of sanctions. The awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Nelson Mandela and FW De Klerk. The ANC’s campaign for South Africa’s first democratic elections. Reports of voting in the historic 1994 elections. A chronology of South African history with Mandela mentioned. The election victory of the ANC and Nelson Mandela’s victory speech. Inauguration ceremony in which Nelson Mandela was sworn in as the first democratically elected President of South Africa. Nelson Mandela’s first State of the Nation address, and his first 100 days as President Nelson Mandela’s visit to the US as President of South Africa, encouraging investment. Reports on Nelson Mandela's biography, ‘Long Walk to Freedom.' The death of Joe Slovo and memorial tributes by Nelson Mandela.

National Public Radio

Vanderbilt University Archive

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on news channels such as CNN, NBC, ABC, CBS and Nightline. Includes footage and reports on political violence in South Africa in the early 1990s period:
The threat to political stability in South Africa from right wing Afrikaners and Inkatha. Inkatha reportedly blocking Nelson Mandela and a peace delegation from entering Thokoza township. Details of conflict between African National Congress (ANC) and Inkatha supporters. Nelson Mandela campaigning for the first democratic elections in the strife-torn areas of Kwa- Zulu-Natal. Living conditions and political / pre-election violence in the KwaZulu-Natal region. The opposition of Inkatha leaders, King Goodwill Zwelithini and Mangosuthu Buthelezi, to the 1994 election. Emergency meetings held between Nelson Mandela, FW De Klerk, King Goodwill Zwelethini and Mangosuthu Buthelezi. The declaration of a State of Emergency in KwaZulu-Natal. The Inkatha march through the streets of central Johannesburg, which ended in a street battle with ANC supporters. Comments by Nelson Mandela on an investigatory report that white police in South Africa were supporting violence against the ANC by Inkatha. Comments by Nelson Mandela on deaths in Bophuthatswana following violence in the region. Violence in the townships of Alexandra, Tembisa, Thokoza, Phola Park, Swannieville, Sebokeng, Kwa- Thema and Katlehong, and visits by Nelson Mandela to townships in an attempt to stop the violence. The storming of the World Trade Centre in Johannesburg by white extremists, the site of negotiations on ending apartheid. Meetings between Nelson Mandela and Buthelezi. The assassination of ANC leader, Chris Hani, and police investigations of right wing plots to murder Nelson Mandela, Winnie Mandela and Joe Slovo. The Boipatong massacre in the Ciskei, and tributes by Nelson Mandela to the victims of the massacre.

ABC

Vanderbilt University Archive

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on channels such as ABC, CBC, CNN, NBC and Nightline. Includes footage and reports on the following:
South Africa's first democratic elections. A statement from Nelson Mandela about setting a date for first democratic the elections. An offer of compromise by Nelson Mandela to groups campaigning against the elections. An agreement by Nelson Mandela and Mangosuthu Buthelezi to pursue international arbitration to resolve their differences around the elections. Scenes of Nelson Mandela campaigning in the former ‘homeland’ of Bophuthatswana, and in other provinces of South Africa. An African National Congress (ANC) election campaign rally held on the 34th anniversary of the Sharpeville massacre. Election debates between Nelson Mandela and FW De Klerk. Calls made by Nelson Mandela for peace, at the height of pre-election violence.
The roles of Nelson Mandela and FW De Klerk in South Africa’s political transition. The fears of the white right wing and the Inkatha Freedom Party, of an ANC-controlled government. Assurances from Nelson Mandela to the South African stock exchange of economic stability in the event of an ANC election victory. Nelson Mandela’s prediction of a landslide victory for the ANC in the 1994 elections. Election campaign scenes shown from strife-torn areas, and comments by Nelson Mandela on the violence. Scenes shown from Soweto on the first day of voting, with people queuing to vote. An interview with Nelson Mandela about expected changes after the elections. Scenes of Nelson Mandela casting his vote. Nelson Mandela’s announcement that there will be a Government of National Unity. Comments by Nelson Mandela on meeting the expectations of both black and white South Africans after the elections. Comments from Pallo Jordan on how a Nelson Mandela-presidency will benefit the poor. Scenes shown of the ballots being counted, and Nelson Mandela’s reaction to the election results. The official results of the elections, with an ANC victory. Nelson Mandela’s inauguration ceremony as the first democratically elected President of South Africa. Scenes of celebrations in South Africa. Nelson Mandela’s allocation of a cabinet seat to Mangosuthu Buthelezi.

ABC

Radio Sesotho

Programmes broadcast on Radio Sesotho.
Subjects include Nelson Mandela's release from prison and his inauguration as the first democratically elected President of South Africa.
Language: Sesotho

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

Afrikaans Stereo

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on programmes such as Monitor and Sport parade. Includes reports and interviews concerning:
Nelson Mandela's call for the expansion of the Goldstone Commission of Enquiry. Mandela's role in the peace talks between the African National Congress (ANC) and the Inkatha Freedom Party. The first ANC national conference held in Durban, after unbanning. Nelson Mandela's role in the lifting of sanctions against South Africa. The far right wing in South Africa, and Mandela's visit to Orania. The results of South Africa's first democratic election and the inauguration of Mandela as President. Highlights of the 1996 rugby world cup. Nelson Mandela's views on the role of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC). Visit of Nelson Mandela and FW De Klerk to the United States. Relationship between the ANC and the South African Communist Party.
Nelson Mandela's visits to schools in South Africa.

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

Radio Zulu

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on Radio Zulu. Includes reports and interviews on the following:
Nelson Mandela's reiteration of the African National Congress (ANC) commitment to a peaceful settlement in South Africa. The ANC's suspension of the armed struggle. Tributes by Nelson Mandela to assassinated ANC leader, Chris Hani, and to his long-time comrade, Oliver Tambo. Debates between Mandela and FW De Klerk. The record of understanding between the ANC and the South African government in the early 1990s. Nelson Mandela's condemnation of attacks on journalists. The meeting between Mangosuthu Buthelezi and Nelson Mandela, and Nelson Mandela's visit to the Natal Midlands. The results of South Africa's first democratic election. Nelson Mandela's inauguration speech and the opening of parliament for the first time by Mandela. Sporting events held in honour of Nelson Mandela and reports of the 1996 rugby world cup.
Nelson Mandela birthday celebrations.
Language: isiZulu

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

Radio Xhosa

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on the Breakfast Show. Includes reports and interviews on the following:
Meetings between Nelson Mandela and FW De Klerk. The 1994 elections. The inauguration of Mandela as the first democratically elected President of South Africa. The opening of parliament. The new constitution of South Africa . Commemoration of the 1976 uprisings. Memorial service of Chris Hani. Mandela birthday celebrations, as well as New Year messages delivered by him. Nelson Mandela’s visits to New York, and his addresses to the United Nations General Assembly.
Language/s: English and Xhosa

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

Motsweding FM

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on programmes such as On Line - the Nation's Forum, Talk Show, Podi Ya Tsela, Current Affairs and Boresetse.
Includes reports and interviews on the following:
Nelson Mandela's arrest, imprisonment and release from prison. Nelson Mandela's call for the maintenance of sanctions against South Africa in 1990. Visits by Nelson Mandela to Robben Island.
The future role of all political and non-political parties in South Africa. Tours of African states undertaken by Nelson Mandela in 1990. Christmas messages by Nelson Mandela to the South African public. The acceptance of the Nobel Peace Prize by Nelson Mandela and FW De Klerk in 1993. The 1994 elections debate between Nelson Mandela and De Klerk, and reports on the first democratic election. Nelson Mandela's inauguration as President of South Africa. The amnesty cut-off date for the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Nelson Mandela's meeting with the President of Brazil. The speech delivered by Nelson Mandela at the Non-Aligned Movement Summit held in Durban, South Africa in 1999. Openings of the South African parliament. Honorary doctorates conferred on Nelson Mandela. The future of the Heath Commission of Enquiry into corruption in South Africa.
Languages: English and Setswana

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

Reminiscences of Helen Suzman: Oral History, 1984

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on Radio South Africa, on programmes such as Monitor, Radio Today, Woman's World and News Wrap. Includes reports on:
The perspectives of the Reagan administration on the anticipated release of Nelson Mandela. The outgoing president of the African National Congress (ANC) Youth League, Peter Mokaba. FW De Klerk's announcement of a date for the release of Nelson Mandela. Mandela's release from prison and his speech on the Grand Parade in Cape Town on the day of his release, as well as other mass gatherings held to welcome Nelson Mandela. Reactions of political leaders in parliament to the release of Mandela. Deadlines set for the release of all political prisoners. Reports on the first ANC conference after its unbanning, held in Durban in December 1990. Political violence in South African townships. Nelson Mandela calling for an end to rent and services boycotts in black townships. The ANC's view on the National Peace Accord. The approval of an interim constitution for South Africa. Tributes by Nelson Mandela to friends and comrades. ANC Economic policy.
The South African police, and it's submissions to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Mandela's attendance at international conferences. The results of the first democratic election. Mandela's election and inauguration as President of South Africa. Visits by international Heads of State, and Mandela addressing the US congress and the United Nations General Assembly. Mandela's farewell to formal South African politics. Thabo Mbeki's presidential inauguration speech.

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

Ikwenkwezi

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on programmes such as Yiza Nendlebe and Ukuvulwa Kwe Palamende. Includes interviews and reports on:
Nelson Mandela's release from prison. Openings of the South African parliament by Nelson Mandela during his presidential years. Nelson Mandela and Bill Clinton addressing a press conference after bilateral talks in 1998. New Year messages by President Mandela to the South African public. Nelson Mandela's retirement from politics in 1998. South Africa's second and third democratic elections in 1999 and 2004 respectively, and the inauguration of Thabo Mbeki as President of South Africa. The South African Rugby Football Union (SARFU) enquiry in which Nelson Mandela was compelled to testify in court about the reasons for appointing a commission of enquiry.
Languages: Ndebele and English

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

Munghana Lomnene FM

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on Tiko A Xi Etleli. Includes reports and interviews on the following:
Nelson Mandela's release from Victor Verster prison in February 1990. Mandela's inauguration as President of South Africa in 1994. Christmas and New Year messages delivered by Nelson Mandela. Reconciliation and nation building. Speeches delivered at openings of the South African parliament. Freedom Day celebrations in 2000. The visit of the Indonesian President to South Africa in 1996. Honorary doctorates conferred on Nelson Mandela. The opening of the Nelson Mandela National Museum in Mthatha. Nelson Mandela's closing address at the World Aids Conference in Durban in 2000.
Languages: Xitsonga and English

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

SABC Sound Archive Collection

Speeches, interviews and reports, including:
Nelson Mandela's speech after the African National Congress (ANC) victory in South Africa's first democratic election. Nelson Mandela's first 100 days in office as President of South Africa. The opening of parliament. The opening of the Constitutional Court by President Mandela. The handing over of the final Truth and Reconciliation Commission report to President Nelson Mandela by Archbishop Desmond Tutu. Bill Clinton's visit to South Africa and his address to the South African parliament. The visit of Yasser Arafat to South Africa.
Extracts from famous speeches by Nelson Mandela.

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

Radio 2000

Programme segments broadcast on Radio 2000. Includes reports on:
Interviews with Nelson Mandela about the political situation in South Africa. Nelson Mandela at the funerals of Chris Hani, Joe Slovo and Oliver Tambo. The awarding of the Nobel Peace Prize to Nelson Mandela and FW De Klerk. The complete recordings of CODESA proceedings. Election debates between Nelson Mandela and De Klerk. The inauguration of Mandela as the first democratically elected President of South Africa. Speech by Nelson Mandela on the 84th anniversary of the African National Congress (ANC). Sporting news such as the South African 2010 World Cup Soccer bid presentation, with a live feed from Switzerland.

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

Phala-Phala FM

Programmes and programme segments broadcast on programmes such as Ndevhetsini and Vhulombe. Includes reports on:
Nelson Mandela's speech at the Rivonia Trial in 1964, and his sentence to life imprisonment on Robben Island; Nelson Mandela's release from prison; Nelson Mandela's biographical history. Debate between Mandela and FW De Klerk in 1990. Tributes at the funerals of Chris Hani and Oliver Tambo. South Africa's political negotiations at CODESA 1 and 2. Nelson Mandela's acceptance of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. African National Congress (ANC) election victory in 1994. Nelson Mandela's presidential speeches at the Union Buildings in 1994 and at the second session of the first democratic parliament in South Africa. Progress review of the first 100 days in government of the ANC; The opening of South Africa's parliament by Nelson Mandela in 1995; South Africa's Government of National Unity. Adoption of the new South African constitution. Nelson Mandela's visit to the United Kingdom (UK) in 1996, and his address to the UK parliament. The visits of international Heads of State to South Africa, including Francois Mitterrand and King Karl Gustav XXI. Visits by Nelson Mandela to Mali, Togo, South-East Asia and the United States. The election of Nelson Mandela as the chairperson of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in 1996. The opening of Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) houses in Soweto. The release of the final Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) report in 1996. Reports on the infighting within the ANC on Nelson Mandela's successor to lead the organisation. Nelson Mandela's resignation as ANC president in 1997. The farewell function for Nelson Mandela as President, and Thabo Mbeki's inauguration as President of South Africa in 1999.
Nelson Mandela opening the Nelson Mandela National Museum in Umtata. Visits by Nelson Mandela to South African schools. The South African general elections of 2004. Nelson Mandela's speech at the closing of the international AIDS conference in Durban in 2000, and addressing the international AIDS conference in Bangkok in 2004.
Languages: Venda and English

South African Broadcasting Corporation [DO NOT USE]

African National Congress London Mission

Records of the African National Congress London mission.
The records include correspondence, news clippings, speeches, statements and photographs concerning:
Nelson Mandela-visits to the United Kingdom (1990 - 1993). The life of Zindzi Mandela.
Talks between Nelson Mandela and Mangosuthu Buthelezi (1993). Mandela’s visits to the United Nations. Mandela’s inauguration as President of South Africa (1994).

African National Congress (ANC) London Mission

African National Congress Netherlands Mission Records

Records of the African National Congress Netherlands Mission. The collection includes:
Correspondence, invitations, programmes, reports, news clippings and speeches concerning Nelson Mandela’s visits to the Netherlands (1990 - 1994). News clippings, newsletters, memoranda and pamphlets of the Nelson Mandela International Reception Committee (1989 - 1990). The death of ANC President, Oliver Tambo, and the statement delivered by Nelson Mandela at the funeral. The full text of Mandela’s rejection of PW Botha’s offer of conditional release in 1989, and a speech delivered by Mandela to the Finance Week Breakfast Club, 1991
ANC election campaign fund-raising materials.
Memoranda from Mandela to FW De Klerk (1992).
Various news clippings on Mandela (1988 - 1990).
Mandela visit to the Netherlands

African National Congress (ANC) Netherlands Mission

Elections 1994 Poster Collection

Collection of posters in support of the African National Congress campaign in South Africa's first democratic elections of 1994.

African National Congress (ANC) Western Cape Region

Padraig O'Malley

Audio interview with Nelson Mandela, conducted by Padraig O'Malley on the 12th December 2001. The subjects covered include:
Armed struggle and Operation Vula; Imprisonment on Robben Island and communications with the African National Congress (ANC) during the latter part of Mandela's imprisonment; Negotiations between the ANC and the Apartheid government.
Mandela's work in his post-presidential years.
Transcript available.

O'Malley, Padraig